Alaska CPAs may include multiple pharmacists and practitioners (e.g., B a pharmacist who enters into a CTA with a group of employed physicians, several pharmacists who complete an ATP with one physician, or several pharmacists who complete a CTA with multiple pharmacists), although a “primary prescribing practitioner” must be designated. The CPA must specify the diseases, drugs (or categories of drugs) about which pharmacists are authorized to make decisions, as well as a procedure or protocol for those decisions. Decisions must be reviewed at least every 3 months with the bodies concerned, and protocols are only effective for a maximum period of 2 years at a time. [23] CPAs in Alaska allow pharmacists to monitor “drug treatment” as defined by 12 AAFC 52,995, which includes establishing a complete patient history, measuring vital signs, and ordering/evaluating laboratory tests covered by the CPA. [23] [24] CPAs are lobbied by professional pharmacy organizations. In January 2012, the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) brought together a consortium of pharmaceutical, medical and nursing stakeholders from 12 states to discuss the integration of CPAs into daily clinical practice. [53] The consortium published a white paper entitled “Consortium Recommendations for Advancing Pharmacists` Patient Care Services and Collaborative Practice Agreements,” which summarizes its recommendations. [18] If a CPA needs to be amended, does it need to be approved by the Board of Directors each time? A cooperation agreement may be called a consultation agreement, a doctor-pharmacist agreement, a standing order or a doctor`s protocol or delegation. Since 2010, medicare part B does not offer reimbursement for pharmacists. [12] Pharmacy improvement and medically underserved Areas Act (H.R. 592/S.
Specifically, pharmacists are not required to participate in CPAs to provide many pharmacy practice services that are already covered by their traditional scope of practice. B such as the management of drug therapy, the provision of disease prevention services (e.g.B. vaccinations), participation in public health screening (p.B screening for depressive disorders in patients, such as . B major depressive disorders, by which Administration of PHQ-2), provision of disease-specific information (e.B. as a certified diabetes educator) and advising patients on information about their medications. [18] CPAs in Arizona apply to pharmacists and individual practitioners who are referred to by law as “providers.” Providers include physicians or registered nurses. The CPA must specify the conditions of the disease, the medications, the conditions for notifying the supplier, and the laboratory tests that the pharmacist may order. Pharmacists may monitor or modify a patient`s drug treatment in accordance with the CPA, provided that the provider and pharmacist have a mutual relationship between the patient and the physician and patient. [25] Once approved by the Board of Pharmacy, HPAs can conduct patient examinations, refer patients to health care providers, and work with other health care providers to manage patients` medical conditions by optimizing drug treatments. This includes the initiation, adjustment and discontinuation of drugs according to the protocol established by the specific organization in which they work.
[30] APh certification is valid for 2 years as long as the pharmacist`s license is active, and the pharmacist must complete at least 10 additional hours of training every 2 years. [29] With respect to pharmacists, I believe you have reached one of the few intersections that will determine the future of your profession. Either you will take your place as a care provider, or your number will decrease as most distribution activities are replaced by robotics and pharmacy technicians. I am a physician, and I say that our profession and the patients we serve need you “as a team” as a clinical pharmacist. But will you really join us? [56] CPAs have been adopted by physicians and physicians with mixed ratings. Arkansan CPAs apply to individual pharmacists, practitioners called “licensed prescribing practitioners,” and patients. The specific disease indicates that pharmacists will manage, as well as the specified drugs that the pharmacist can use are needed. Pharmacists are required to document their interventions for discussion with the collaborative practitioner and to keep these records for at least 2 years after the date of registration. [26] The term “collaborative practice agreement” was also referred to as a consultation agreement, a collaborative pharmacy practice agreement, a physician-pharmacist agreement, a standing regulation or a standing protocol, and physician delegation. [6] A cooperation agreement is a legal document in the United States that establishes a formal relationship between pharmacists (often clinical pharmacy specialists) and cooperating physicians in order to provide a legal and ethical basis for pharmacists` participation in the collaborative management of drug therapies. [7] [4] According to health researcher Karen E. .
. .